For Belarusian, Kazakh and Russian nationals, a passport or PESEL alone does not establish JDG eligibility: a qualifying residence basis is required. General rules allow non-EU nationals to participate in a sp. z o.o. and certain other companies. Owning shares does not replace residence or work permission. Check the legal form, status and applicable restrictions individually; religion is not a registration criterion in these rules.
Official sources, checked 2026-10-23: